RETRACTED. Retracted. European Economic Letters (EEL), [S. l.], v. 14, n. 3, p. 641–667, 2024. DOI: 10.52783/eel.v14i3.1816. Disponível em: https://eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/1816. Acesso em: 29 sep. 2025.