Retracted. European Economic Letters (EEL), [S. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. 3867–3877, 2025. DOI: 10.52783/eel.v15i2.3225. Disponível em: https://eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/3225. Acesso em: 1 dec. 2025.