Retracted. European Economic Letters (EEL), [S. l.], v. 15, n. 2, p. 3878–3882, 2025. DOI: 10.52783/eel.v15i2.3226. Disponível em: https://eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/3226. Acesso em: 7 mar. 2026.