Retracted. European Economic Letters (EEL), [S. l.], v. 15, n. 3, p. 2054–2075, 2025. DOI: 10.52783/eel.v15i3.3628. Disponível em: https://eelet.org.uk/index.php/journal/article/view/3628. Acesso em: 12 nov. 2025.