THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL DYNAMICS ON THE AQUIFER IN THE OUED SOUF REGION

Abstract

The Oued Souf region in southeastern Algeria, characterized by an arid and semi-arid climate, relies heavily on groundwater for its socio-economic and agricultural activities. Over recent decades, agricultural practices, particularly the adoption of pivot irrigation systems, have facilitated a transformation from subsistence farming to intensive commercial agriculture. This shift has resulted in the overexploitation of groundwater resources, notably from the phreatic aquifer, with observed water aquifer declines of up to 30 meters between 2016 and 2021. The study highlights the region’s reliance on three main aquifers—phreatic, Complex Terminal, and Continental Intercalaire—with the shallowest aquifer being the most impacted by overuse.Through field surveys, interviews, and piezometric analysis, the research identifies key drivers of groundwater depletion, including inefficient irrigation practices, unregulated well drilling, and extensive agricultural expansion. Despite advancements in irrigation technology, traditional practices and socio-economic pressures contribute to unsustainable water management. The findings underscore the need for efficient water use strategies and regulatory frameworks to ensure the long-term sustainability of groundwater resources, which are critical for the region's economic development and food security.