Breaking Barriers, Building Leaders: Advancing Women’s Leadership in the 21st Century

Abstract

In a rapidly globalising world shaped by technological innovation and complex socio-political challenges, advancing women into leadership roles has become an urgent and strategic imperative. While policies and discourses on gender equality have gained prominence, significant disparities remain in women's access to and participation in decision-making structures. This article critically examines the systemic, institutional, and cultural barriers that impede women's leadership across sectors in India, with special focus on intersectionality—including caste, class, and rural-urban divides—and post-pandemic transformations in work environments. Drawing on mixed-methods research conducted in Tamil Nadu, the study combines primary data from structured surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with secondary analysis of policy documents and scholarly literature. It documents successful case studies and evaluates existing government and corporate interventions. The findings underscore the need for localized, intersectional frameworks for leadership development and propose a strategic roadmap for inclusive leadership ecosystems. Aligning with SDG 5 and SDG 8, this study not only enriches academic discourse but also contributes actionable recommendations for institutional reform, mentorship programs, and community engagement to advance women's leadership as a societal norm.