Examining LGBTQ Workplace Dynamics: A Systematic Review Of Discrimination’s Detriments And Inclusion’s Strategic Imperatives

Abstract

As visibility of LGBTQ individuals continues to rise globally, workplaces remain critical sites where inclusion can either be realized or denied. This study presents a systematic literature review that discusses the dual landscape of workplace experiences—discrimination and inclusion. Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement, a total of 122 studies were reviewed. Findings highlight that the discrimination, both formal and informal, including microaggressions, is deeply rooted in cultural factors and reinforced by structural or organizational deficiencies. The discriminatory practices not only limit the personal and professional development of individuals but also hinder overall organizational effectiveness. In light of this scenario, the review underscores the critical importance of fostering workplace inclusion in enhancing psychological safety, innovation, job satisfaction, and business performance. Further, the evidence affirms that LGBTQ inclusion is not merely a matter of human rights but also holds strategic importance for sustainable organizational success. The study offers theoretical and practical insights while underlining the exigent need for deeper empirical research, especially in non-Western contexts. Future research directions are also proposed by the study to address current gaps and foster more inclusive work environments globally.