The Psychological Gavel: Analyzing The Impact of Forensic Psychology on Criminal Investigations and Trials in India

Abstract

Forensic psychology the application of psychological principles to legal and criminal contexts is a rapidly emerging discipline in India, bridging the gap between psychology and the justice system. It encompasses roles such as criminal profiling, suspect and witness assessment, and offender rehabilitation.  Although well-established in Western countries, forensic psychology in India has grown only in the past few decades. This paper reviews its historical evolution in India and examines its current scope across criminal investigations, legal proceedings, corrections, and mental-health assessments. It highlights recent developments including technology and research, examines the legal and institutional framework, and presents notable case studies involving forensic psychology. Finally, it discusses the contributions of Indian academic and forensic institutions and outlines challenges and prospects for the field.